E Health Is Combined Use Of Electronic Information Technology Essay

E Health Is Combined Use Of Electronic Information Technology Essay Health is a major concern for everyone in this world. The implementation of Information and Communication Technologies in the medical field has modified the present definition of health care. It suggested the solution that can benefit both patient as well as health care professionals. eHealth provides solutions in a wide spectrum and it includes various health care products, systems and services. It includes tools for health professionals as well as for patients and citizens. Various services or systems that are covered under eHealth are; health information networks, electronic health records, telemedicine services, Consumer health informatics, Healthcare Information Systems, Health knowledge management. Patients share their health information with their physician in order to improve their health treatment. Patients Information is stored in Electronic Health Record. It has been observed from a survey conducted in Sweden that 95% of all documentation in primary care is made in electronic healthcare records (1). Almost 55% of the Pharmaceutical prescriptions are issued digitally in Sweden and transmitted directly to the pharmacy store (1). The challenging issue which is associated with the eHealth system is the protection of Medical Records. Since the data is transmitted over the network from one place to another so it is suffering from the major security concern. An electronic medical record (EMR) stores personal data which includes medical test results, prescription, hospitalizations, etc. Privacy in the ehealth system can be classified into two categories; Content oriented privacy and contextual privacy (2). So eHealth system can be termed as a secure system if it can deal with both these aspects of privacy. Content oriented privacy indicates the capability or authority of the health care stakeholders in disclosing the patients personal information to other parties (marketing, insurance) whereas contextual privacy indicates the ability of a malicious entity to guess the disease of a patient correctly by identifying the field/domain of his physician. Background In earlier days physicians used to use paper charts for recording the encounters with the patient. Details about medications, lab tests, X-rays etc the patient has taken, needs to be recorded in the chart for future reference. As the medical care became more and more complex, it became tedious for physicians to maintain a good patient record on these paper charts. They needed new technologies to help them to cope up with the increasing needs. With the advancement in the information and communication technologies, the idea of storing the patient records electronically came in around 1960s, when Dr. Lawrence Weed introduced the concept of Electronic Health Record. Weeds innovation allowed a third party to verify the diagnosis to avoid any errors. In 1972, Regenstreif Institute developed first medical record system which combined both inpatient and outpatient data recording (3). Electronic Health Records (EHR) Systems stores the entire health and medical history of a patient in a computerized, electronic format. The record includes the details about patient demographics, progress notes, medications, past medical history, vital signs, laboratory data, immunizations and radiology reports. Keeping these vast records in this organized manner, makes it more efficient to retrieve and maintain, when compared to the paper charts (4). As the medical care and the information technology became more and more complex, it became necessary to share the patient records among the various medical departments like clinical, nursing, laboratory, radiology, hospital administration etc in order to maintain a proper medical record about the patient. When the health records including sensitive data about the patient were shared electronically among the different departments, privacy and security problems became a major challenge to the EHR systems. The recent studies on security and privacy concerns in EHR systems shows that, there is increasing number of threats resulting from the distributed and decentralized implementations of EHR Systems, and also the use of communication over open and insecure internet. Unauthorized accesses, Denial of service are to name a few. Lack of standardization among these systems made it very difficult for the system administrators to implement a secure system (5). Research Problem The main problem associated with an eHealth system is the privacy, security and confidentiality of Electronic Health data (EHD). EHD stores private and sensitive data of the patient and data of EHD is used by physicians, nursing, laboratory, and pharmacy. The publication of personal sensitive data can seriously compromise the patient privacy. Due to this reason many individual does not go for eHealth treatment since they are afraid of the loss of their Health record including information about their illness or disability. In a survey conducted in Canada, it has been found out that 11-13% of Canadians have held back information from a health provider because they were afraid of the privacy of their data (6). In a survey conducted in America, 77% of the population is concerned about their medical information being used for marketing purposes (7). We are trying to figure out the peoples concern about the privacy of their health care record at Stockholm. We will examine the opinion of pu blic regarding the privacy of their health information and accessing eHealth service. Question The research questions drawn from the above problem set are: To what extent, privacy of health care records affects the individuals decision of accessing eHealth service? Are there certain groups of people for whom the privacy is a major issue while accessing the eHealth service? Goal The purpose of conducting this research is to examine the present scenario of the Health care system in Sweden. Research result will be helpful for patient, health care professionals and health care organizations. How the present scenario related to the privacy and the confidentiality of the Health care data is affecting the decision of accessing the eHealth Service. This survey will help to reveal the importance of Security in this field. Method In this section, we presented the description of the research methodology conducted in this paper, followed by the limitations of the research carried out and the reasons of such limitation. Method Description We are going to select inductive reasoning method for our research work. We will draw generalized conclusions from a finite collection of specific observations. Literature Review previous studies: we will study different literatures in the form of research reports and surveys which is conducted on EHR privacy in different parts of the world and then we will identify the present challenges related to patient privacy in Electronic health. Survey: we will formulate a questionnaire based on the identified privacy challenges and conduct a survey among the public to collect data. The questionnaire will be around 10-15 questions which will mainly focus on the awareness of e-health privacy among patients. The sample size for our survey will be around 100-150. Also we are planning to use the facts and figures available in the Internet as a secondary data source for our research. Suggested below are some of samples Do you think that your doctor should be able to access all your medical record in order to provide the best care? Are you willing to share your personal medical information to help government officials to research on disease outbreaks? Do you think that you should be able to access all of your medical records to verify the correctness of the medical record? How concerned are you about your medical records being used by marketing agencies? Formulating the Guidelines: Analyze the data collected, to derive a statistics on the research questions. We will be using IBMs SPSS tool to analyze the data collected and derive the statistics based on it. This statistics will help to find out how much the people are concerned about the privacy in EHR systems. Revising the guidelines: Based on the statistics, draw a conclusion and suggest ways to improve the privacy of patients sensitive data in e-Health. Report writing: The report will be constructed detailing the privacy challenges in EHR system and will point out the feasible suggestions. Limitations Because of the time constraint, the population that we are targeting for this survey includes only undergraduates, graduates, post graduates and post doctoral students (age group 18-35) in KTH (both Main Campus and Kista Campus). We are conducting this survey on limited range of age group, so the result will not include the opinion of elder citizens.

Kohler Company Essay

Kohler is one of the largest and oldest privately held companies in America. It started by manufacturing plumbing fixtures, famously inventing the first modern bathtub, and soon after began manufacturing small engines and generators. Today the company is also in the furniture and luxury resort business. Most of the company’s shares are held by members of the Kohler family, however 4% of the outstanding stock is owned by outsiders. Herbert Kohler Jr. , the CEO and Chairman of Kohler, would like to do what he can to keep Kohler stock within the Kohler family and its interests. This led to the 1998 recapitalization. In this restructuring of equity, family members and permitted transferees (Kohler Trusts, Kohler Foundations, ect. ) were given the option to exchange their stock for several different classes of stock, such as common stock, non voting stock, Series A and Series B. The shareholders not classified as a permitted transferee would either have to sell their shares for what an independent firm determines fair market value, or dissent and allow fair market value to be determined by a legal proceeding. The fair market price offered by Kohler in 1998 was $55,400. Kohler’s stock recently fetched between $100,000 to $135,000 and the two largest outside shareholders recently bought a combined 93 shares right around $100,000. So Gen, a mutual fund and largest outside shareholder, believed market value per share could be $400,000. Because of this discrepancy in price; outside shareholders decided to file suit against Kohler claiming the price of $55,400 undervalued the stock and was not fair market value. It is now April 2000 and Herbert Kohler Jr. must decide whether to settle with the plaintiffs or go to trail in 2 days. It was very possible that the court would determine fair market value to be much higher than price offered. Herbert also must consider that the IRS will use a court determined share price to determine the tax liability of Herbert’s deceased brother’s estate. The share price will also affect the way the Kohler Foundation could operate, since by law it must annually pledge %5 of its assets, which is mostly Kohler stock. Analysis: Much of the share price was driven by the speculation that Kohler might soon go public. Herbert thought this was the primary reason the shares were extremely overvalued. However, the assumption of a future IPO was inaccurate. One of the core values and strengths of Kohler is the private classification of equity. Kohler considers it a competitive advantage to not have to disclose its financial position to the public. Not only does it give away proprietary information to competitors, but public reporting also affects the way a company can make decisions. Kohler feels that many of the business decisions that made Kohler a success, such as investing in cast iron production at a time when the industry was moving away from it, would not have been possible if they were accountable to pubic shareholders. Without the possibility of an IPO a lower share price than what share prices recently traded for was could be justified. However, Herbert must also consider the effects of having the valuation be determined in court. The first drawback to this is how costly legal proceedings are. On top of lawyer fees and court costs, it could be very expensive to reconcile and audit all financial documents as well as pay for expert opinions concerning the valuation. Since there is no standard or correct metric to value a company, there is increased risk as to how the court will value the company. If Kohler decides to continue with the trial they are leaving themselves, the Kohler Foundation, and the Kohler estate open to a lot of uncontrollable risk. Recommendation: I recommend Kohler offer to settle with the plaintiffs at $140,000. Kohler should settle outside of court to mitigate the risk and cost associated with the trial. While the price is not ideal, settling outside of court allows Kohler to control the price at a manageable level. This will be the best way to hedge against risk and lookout for the interests of Kohler, the Family, and its charities. In order to settle Kohler must offer a price of $140,000 to give the mutual funds the return on investment they desire. Since the purpose of mutual fund is to create value for their investors, they are probably more than willing to take the matter to court if they feel they are not receiving a fair return. The per share price of $140,000 will give the mutual funds roughly a 20% return on investment which should be enough for them to consider the offer favorable.

The Dissertation Writing Services Cover Up

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A Care Home For The Elderly - 1551 Words

In a care home for the elderly, the care worker must communicate with the elderly in a friendly and positive manner. If the care worker was walking around and sharply asking each person: ‘You want tea or coffee?’ it would seem rude. The behaviour would come across as cold, disrespectful, and mechanical . The care worker should start off a conversation first, perhaps ask the person how their day is going, and then offer them a drink, giving them the options of the drinks available. This would give the elderly person the impression that the care worker is being friendly and doing the act out of kindness, not just carrying out a practical task of their job. either way, the person receives a drink, however the actions leading up to this†¦show more content†¦The communication cycle demonstrates that effective verbal communications consists of not only speaking, but engaged listening too. When practising good verbal communication, the conversation will be able to be continued with replies and obvious interest will be shown. When the communication is verbal it s very important to make sure that you speak clearly and at a reasonable volume so that the person you are speaking to can hear what you say without feeling embarrassed if they don t understand. Another reason to speak clearly is so that a client can lip read if they need to. Non-verbal Communication without speech, such as facial expression, physical contact, hand gestures, eye contact and proximity. All of these contribute to how the message receiver interprets the message that the message sender is trying to put across. For example a care receiver may show the care giver, via body language and/or facial expression, that they are experiencing pain or discomfort, without the needs of speech/verbal communication. Similarly how if a care giver is within very close proximity of the person they are communicating with, it may give off the impression that they are being threatening, and make the person feel uncomfortable. Non-verbal communication can be very helpful to those with disabilities, as gestures and signs can be universal, however there can be problems if gestures are misinterpreted, not understood, or mean different

Analysis Of The Poem The Rusty Toque - 885 Words

In Dave Margoshes free verse poem, NOTE TO SELF published on June 30, 2015 in the online literary journal, The Rusty Toque, the speaker is writing down their daily to-do list. Margoshes allows the reader to delve into a piece that combines intimacy with the bluntness of the simple language used. The varied word choice and syntax indicate the character behind the writer of the list. In combination, the use of repetition emphasizes key elements in the relationship with the lover. Finally, the structure is used to contrast specific details revealed with vague ideas presented. Using these devices, Margoshes creates an image of how society has lost their sensitivity and understanding of the sanctity of a relationship by turning it into just another thing-to-do. The title is descriptive and yet simple when describing the poem. It gives a nonchalant air, therefore when the reader gets to the â€Å"Write break-up letter to lover:† line it is more powerful since it feels unexpected proceeding the line, â€Å"Pay phone bill†. The decision to write this poem in the form of a to-do list is an integral part in the way the reader sees the speaker. The very title ‘note to self’ shows how the piece is never intended to be read by anyone other than the person writing it. The piece holds the same intimacy as a diary except a to-do list uses much simpler language. It must be very straight forward and lack the emotion that diary would since it outlines a series of tasks rather than feelings. The factShow MoreRelatedWhen A Past Love : A Literary Analysis995 Words   |  4 PagesRemarking upon a Past Love: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"Note to Self† In Dave Margoshes’ free verse poem, â€Å"Note to Self† published on June 30, 2015 in the online literary journal, The Rusty Toque, the speaker is writing down their daily to-do list. Margoshes allows the reader to delve into a piece that combines intimacy with the bluntness of the simple language used. The varied word choice and syntax describe the character behind the writer of the list. In combination, the use of repetition emphasizes

The Renaissance Man Free Essays

In the film there was a group named the double ad’s. They are called double ad’s meaning, dumbest dog salt. The people from that group are chosen to be In that group because those students are the ones that do not comprehend the army duty. We will write a custom essay sample on The Renaissance Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mr.. Raga, the teacher from the group double ad’s, was not as responsible. Facing some of his own consequences like, getting fired from his previous job, losing his relationship slowly with his only daughter, and not taking his new job as a teacher seriously. But during the film he went through some times where he changed. From he students touching him in an emotional level and being in an army base facility he changed. Three things that Mr.. Raga changed was his character attitude, and got some discipline. His character changed by not being mean and rude to people he found from his students that there is more to a person that what meets the eye. His attitude changed from how he acts with people to how he looked at his teaching Job. At first he TLD want the job but after time he found out how important changing and helping the kids life really ;s. He became more disciplined by the Army, getting to mime early or In time and getting himself straight with his priorities. I believe the most important change from the three, is his attitude. Because I think attitude says a lot about a person. How you are with people and it shows how your real character really is. By changing his own attitude he turned from being selfish and only caring about his own life to wanting to make somebody else’s life better. At first Mr.. Raga was thinking of teaching comprehensive material to the students so they could be able to do and pass the requirements to graduate from the U. S. Army. However he thought hem something else from somewhere he never thought would capture they’re attention. Mr.. Raga introduced hamlet by William Shakespeare to the double ad’s. The students could relate the play to their lives; the play gave the students motivation, giving them something to look at in order to keep on going and pursuing their goals In life. Each of the double ad’s had their own struggles and life, and their own destiny of making It to the Army, but there was this one specific double d. His name was Nathaniel Hobbs, he was a very smart student and the one that connected to Mr.. Raga the most; he saw potential for the student and wanted to help him. There were consequences in that though, Mr.. Raga went to talk to the sergeant, they found out Nathaniel Joined the army to escape from hid felony of selling drugs, so he went to jail. I think it was Nathaniel own fault because it was his decision of selling drugs and even though it’s in the past you have to deal with the consequences of your actions. Before Mr.. Raga changed his ways he faced an enemy on the way through his change. Mr.. Raga did not get along with sergeant Lou. Sergeant Lou thought Mr.. Raga was not disciplined enough and was not strict enough with his class. You would think It would end up In a feud but surprisingly Mr.. Raga got his own discipline from sergeant Lou, and changed of character. Even though things might not look as good as a situation something good always happens. Even though sergeant Lou thought Mr.. Raga was not as strict or as disciplined, the classmates got an effect on the class. I en class gave ten students motivation to change Ana It Improved tenet connecter. They were able to complete the tasks of their army duties and obstacles they had to overcome in order to graduate from the army. There was an original renaissance man that was mentioned in the movie. The Renaissance man was Alberta Leon Battista. He accomplished a lot of things, his mindset was there is not a limit of the goals you want to reach or what you want to become. That’s something Mr.. Raga taught his class. Like I said before, Mr.. Raga was originally going to teach comprehensive but he taught something more important. He ended up teaching the student to reach for the stars. That success starts from your mind, your way of hinging, you can become whatever you decide to be and what you pursue; however it’s not Just pursuing it, but also completing it even though there might be obstacles in the way. The central lesson that can be learned from this movie is that the choices you make dictate the life we live. Any choice you make or action you take make you become the person you are. You can become whatever you want to become if you put your mind and heart into it. Or Just have to look within and take your determination to its fullest capability and reaching your goals. How to cite The Renaissance Man, Papers

Learning theory free essay sample

Identify own learning style(s) and the learning style(s) of another member of the team There are four main Learning Styles; Activists, Reflectors, Theorists and Pragmatists. To describe them briefly, activists are enthusiastic about anything new and consider the consequences afterwards. They are always looking for new experiences and get bored with the long term, seeking to centre activities on themselves. Reflectors look at things from a different perspective, listening and considering the views of others. Theorists think about things in a logical way and like to analyse everything until it fits into a rational explanation. Pragmatists like trying out new ideas to see if they work in practice, they are practical people who like to get to work and try things out at the first opportunity. Using a learning styles questionnaire (attached) and reflecting on the models described above, I would identify my own learning style as a Reflector. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is because I like to gather data, review previous experiences and think about things thoroughly before making any conclusions. I can be cautious and like to gather many people’s opinions before finally deciding on my own. I like to take in information in meetings rather than jump straight in and would prefer to keep a low profile. Considering another member of my team, I would describe a certain individual’s learning style as that of an Activists. This person likes to jump right in and are immersed in the here and now. They are very open minded which means that are up for any new experiences they are exposed to. They very rarely look at the long term, and jump from one new experience to another. This person like to involve himself with others whilst always ensuring that their interests are at the centre of everything they do. 1. 2 Use a simple technique for identifying own development needs and the development needs of another member of the team To identify my own development needs, I have decided to complete a SWOT analysis: Strengths †¢Ten years experience on OMC †¢Seven years experience covering for current coordinator †¢Safeguarding focal point on OMC †¢Good reputation led to promotion in 2009 †¢Committed and willing to do extra †¢Get on with all other in team †¢Communicate well with team members and management Weaknesses †¢Behind on AE training †¢Need to be more visible in meetings †¢Not developed/progressed as much as I could/should have done since promotion in 2009 †¢Fear of public speaking, making presentation etc Opportunities †¢Coordination positions available in the future †¢Training to be an AE will allow more opportunities †¢ILM training good for future Threats †¢Colleagues getting themselves in position to challenge for forthcoming opportunities †¢Following busy shutdown period I felt I was overworked – this has lead to negative feelings towards taking on similar responsibility in the future As a result of performing this analysis, I feel I could focus more on my strengths – the experience and reputation I have on OMC. Looking at weaknesses, it’s clear to see I need to continue development as an AE with catching up on training. I also need to focus on trying to be more confident presenting – there may be a presenting skills course I can attend. Regarding threats, I need to ensure I’m in the better position than my colleagues should any position arise. The following SWOT analysis was completed to identify the needs of another team member: Strengths †¢Committed member of OMC PC team †¢Good practical skills †¢Excellent team player Weaknesses †¢Cannot use computer system †¢Reluctant to take on more responsibility †¢Does not get on with everyone in the team Opportunities †¢Potential to be upgraded to group 2 technician †¢Chance to coordinate upcoming shutdown Threats †¢Colleagues to challenge for group 2 technician position †¢Not getting on with other impacts negatively on work After reviewing this analysis and in particular the weaknesses, this team member could attend a training course to be able to use the computer system successfully. As identified in the opportunities section, there is a potential to be upgraded to a group 2 technician. For this to happen, the team member needs to develop in to a person who gets on better with all team members so this doesn’t act negatively on his work – as identified in the weaknesses/threats. 1. 3 Identify potential barriers to learning There can be many barriers to learning in the workplace, one of which is potentially getting stuck in a rut. If the work you do is not mentally stimulating or challenging, you may not continue to improve on the job. If the culture of the workplace is one which isn’t willing to accept change, this can impact on employees growing and learning. If you believe your supervisors arent interested in hearing what you have to say, wont listen to concerns you have and dont welcome your questions, you wont keep learning and improving. Effective learning often depends on effective teaching, but not all teachers are equally skilled or willing. Many workplace skills are best learned from an expert, and experts are not always readily available. Some co-workers who do have genuine expertise are not willing to share it openly, or they may not have the necessary teaching skills to be effective. They may be concerned that if they teach colleagues the tricks of the trade his own value in the company will decline. Another barrier can be lack of Corporate Commitment to Training. A companys leadership dictates the attitudes that exist about ongoing training and education in the workplace. If the leadership doesnt value education and new ideas, the barrier to workplace learning is obvious. Finally, Conflicting Priorities can be one of the biggest barriers. These conflicting priorities force training to take a backseat to other priorities, such as daily production. Unless company leadership makes training a top priority, company operations always take precedence over a more proactive approach to business management which includes ongoing training. If a company is constantly operating in a crisis management mode, reacting to problems instead of anticipating them, finding time for training will be hard. 1. 4 Explain how barriers to learning can be overcome Being ‘stuck in a rut’: This barrier can be overcome by the company introducing variety in to job roles. The company needs to listen to what employees are saying and be willing to give them the best possible chance of learning and developing themselves. From the employees point of view, they need to make their feelings known, if they are enthusiastic to developing and learning the company will be more likely to listen. Not having enough skilled teachers: For circumstances when the teacher is a skilled colleague who is unwilling to pass on knowledge, ccompanies can overcome these issues by rewarding employees who mentor others and ensuring that there are adequate materials on hand to facilitate learning. They could also supply training or put formal processes in place to enable skills to be passes on more efficiently. Lack of Corporate Commitment to Training: This is a barrier that can be overcome by companies realising that it is in their best interest to develop people. Conflicting Priorities: This is a barrier that can only be overcome by a change in culture from management. Companies would need to move away from crisis management mode and more towards a proactive business management approach.